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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 12(7)2024 Mar 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38610131

RESUMO

This narrative review explores the barriers and facilitators that migrant women face globally. The review explored a range of studies conducted in various countries, including the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), Canada, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It also specialises in the experiences of migrant women living in Sydney, Australia, and women living in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK), UAE. Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent form of cancer among women worldwide. It is the fourteenth most common cancer among women in Australia and the fourth most common cancer in the UAE. Despite the availability of vaccinations and cervical screening initiatives in many countries, including the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, and the UAE, migrant women living in these countries continue to experience considerable health gaps when accessing cervical cancer screening services. Addressing these disparities is crucial to ensuring everyone has equal healthcare access. An electronic search was conducted using three databases to identify articles published between 2011 and 2021. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research studies were included in the search. The identified factors were classified into categories of barriers and facilitators of cervical screening uptake, which were then sub-categorized. This narrative review examines the awareness of cervical cancer and screening behaviours, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators associated with cervical cancer screening. According to the study, several factors pose significant obstacles for migrant women worldwide, particularly those living in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Sydney, Australia, and Emirati and non-Emirati women (migrant women) residing in RAK when it comes to undergoing cervical cancer screening. These barriers include inadequate knowledge and emotional, cultural, religious, psychological, and organisational factors. On the other hand, social support, awareness campaigns, and the availability of screening services were found to promote the uptake of cervical cancer screening. The findings from this review suggest that healthcare providers should adopt culturally sensitive approaches to enhance awareness and encourage participation in screening programs among migrant women. Based on the findings of this narrative review, it is strongly suggested that healthcare providers and policymakers prioritise developing culturally sensitive screening initiatives for migrant women. It is essential to address the psychological and emotional barriers that prevent migrant women from accessing screening services. This can be accomplished by offering education and awareness campaigns in their native languages and implementing a community-based approach to encourage social support and increase awareness of cervical cancer and screening services. Furthermore, healthcare providers and organisations should provide educational tools that address common misconceptions based on cultural and religious factors that prevent women from accessing screening services.

2.
Work ; 2024 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38578910

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This scoping review aimed to identify the barriers, facilitators and benefits of returning to work following burn injury, outcome measures used, management strategies, and models of care. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview about working-aged adults returning to their preinjury employment after burn injury. METHODS: We followed a pre-determined scoping review protocol to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CCRCT and CDSR databases between 2000 to December 2023. Papers reporting primary data from previously employed adults with cutaneous burn injuries were included. RESULTS: In all, 90 articles met the review criteria. Return-to-work was both an outcome goal and process of recovery from burn injury. Physical and psychological impairments were identified barriers. Job accommodations and modifications were important for supporting the transition from hospital to workplace. Employment status and quality of life sub-scales were used to measure return-to-work. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent definitions of work and measurements of return-to-employment after burn injury are priorities for future research. Longitudinal studies are more likely to capture the complexity of the return-to-employment process, its impact on work participation and changes in employment over time. The social context of work may assist or hinder return-to-work more than physical environmental constraints. Equitable vocational support systems would help address disparities in vocational rehabilitation services available after burn injury.

3.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol ; 133(3): 355-362, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38044532

RESUMO

Surgeons have a high rate of work-related musculoskeletal injuries; an area that has received little attention. These injuries result in surgeons performing less efficiently, needing to take time off work, suffering higher rates of burnout, and may ultimately lead surgeons to retire earlier than planned. Otorhinolaryngologists are at particular risk for work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Beyond the clinician, sustaining such injuries can negatively impact patient safety. Ergonomic interventions have been used effectively to reduce work-related musculoskeletal injuries in other professions, yet not in surgery. With traditional teachings of ideal body postures to avoid injury and manual handling training being re-evaluated, it is important to explore evidence based interventions for reducing work-related musculoskeletal injuries in otorhinolaryngologists. New research encourages us to shift the focus away from the traditional one-size-fits-all approach to ergonomics and toward postural recommendations and education that promote a dynamic, individualized approach to avoiding sustained, static and awkward postures.


Assuntos
Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Doenças Profissionais , Cirurgiões , Humanos , Postura , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/prevenção & controle , Ergonomia , Salas Cirúrgicas , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle
4.
Aust Occup Ther J ; 71(1): 113-131, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37990624

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Participation in work and employment is a milestone of adulthood. People returning to work after burn injury may have physical, psychological, social, and environmental barriers to overcome in order to resume their pre-injury employment. The aim of this paper is to evaluate qualitative findings regarding return-to-employment after burn injury. METHODS: A qualitative synthesis was conducted based on the qualitative findings of an earlier mixed methods review. A pre-determined scoping review protocol was used in the earlier review to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CCRCT, and CDSR databases between 2000 and Aug 2021. Any papers presenting qualitative data from previously employed adults with cutaneous burn injuries were included. FINDINGS: A total of 20 papers with qualitative data on return-to-employment after burn injury were found. Only six included studies focused on return-to-employment outcomes and the remaining studies reporting on quality of life and life experiences after burn injury. Common themes included impairments that develop and change over time; occupational identity and meaning; temporal aspects of burn recovery; burn rehabilitation services and interventions; attitudes, knowledge and support of service providers; workplace environments supporting work re-engagement after burn injury; usefulness of work accommodations; family and social supports, individuals attributes that influence re-engaging in employment; and accepting and rebuilding. CONCLUSION: Resumption of work after burn injury is regarded as a key marker of recovery for working-aged adults by burn survivors and burn care professionals. Support at transition points during the burn recovery process and peer-led programmes were important. However, limited information currently exists regarding clinical practices, service gaps, and understanding of return-to-employment outcomes after burn injury.


Assuntos
Queimaduras , Terapia Ocupacional , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Emprego , Retorno ao Trabalho , Qualidade de Vida , Queimaduras/reabilitação
5.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(12)2023 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37372861

RESUMO

Background: The Pain Behavioral Scale (PaBS) measures the presence and severity of pain behavior. We examine the longitudinal construct validity of the PaBS using convergent and known-groups approaches on a population of 23 participants with chronic lower back pain (LBP) undergoing routine physiotherapy care and pain neuroscience education. Methods: Participants who satisfied study inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited from patients who attended two testing sessions at physiotherapy clinics in Saudi Arabia. Participant pain behavior was initially measured using the PaBS scale; participants performed standardized physical tests (e.g., repeated trunk flexion) and provided baseline demographic, clinical data, and self-reported measurements using the Modified Roland and Morris disability questionnaire (MODI), fear-avoidance questionnaire (FABQ), and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS). In subsequent visits, a physiotherapist provided usual care to participants, and weekly sessions were established for online pain-neuroscience education. During week six, participants repeated the same questionnaires and physical performance tests with the PaBS. Paired t-tests are used to compare changes in health characteristics from baseline responses to those in week six. Correlations between changes in PaBS from baseline to week six, with changes in outcome measures (i.e., disability, pain intensity, fear-avoidance beliefs, catastrophizing), were determined. To assess known-group validity, we also used a general linear model. Results: A total of 23 participants completed the PNE and follow-up data collection. The mean change from baseline in the PaBS score was statistically significant, as were changes in MODI, FABQ, and PCS. Almost 70% of participants improved their PaBS scores over the six-week period, with PaBS scores of almost 40% of them improving by three units or more. The change in PaBS score correlated significantly with changes in the PCS-rumination subscale, supporting a proposed approach to estimate convergent validity (r = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.04-0.72, p = 0.035). Conclusions: The mean change from baseline in the PaBS score is statistically significant, as are changes in MODI, FABQ, and PCS, supporting its convergent validity. According to our STarT Back groups, the medium to low-risk group had a lower PaBS score, and high-risk group had a higher PaBS score, indicating that PaBS use in clinical assessment may identify people according to pain-behavior severity, or those at increased risk of developing disability.

6.
Disabil Rehabil ; 45(12): 1947-1954, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35654750

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To explore health professionals' acceptance of the guidelines for acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD), and to identify barriers and facilitators to adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative descriptive study involving focus group discussions among health professionals who treat people with WAD in primary and secondary care settings in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Twenty-eight health professionals (physiotherapists = 19; chiropractors = 6; osteopaths = 3) participated in six semi-structured focus group discussions that were held in independent offices in Sydney and Brisbane, Australia between September and December 2015. Discussions were audio recorded and verbatim, de-identified transcripts produced. Thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach to identify commonly held beliefs. RESULTS: Acceptance of guideline recommendations appeared to be influenced by factors related to the guideline itself, practitioner and practice characteristics, and patient-related factors. Specifically, acceptance was hindered by conflicting belief systems, ambiguity in guideline recommendations, and patient characteristics and expectations. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners demonstrated a positive attitude towards the use of the guidelines in general; however, in some cases, acceptance of key recommendations appeared selective. Future guideline revision and implementation might focus on explaining the underlying principles of the guidelines, providing more detailed recommendations, and involving strategies that challenge inconsistent beliefs and promote informed decision-making. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSelective acceptance of guideline recommendations in favour of those not requiring practice change may present a challenge for the implementation of evidence-based practice in the management of whiplash.Participants demonstrated variable, sometimes polar attitudes to guideline key messages and recommendations.Guideline developers need to focus more strongly on changing practitioner beliefs and attitudes, as well as better explaining the underlying principles of the guidelines, and providing more detailed recommendations.


Assuntos
Fisioterapeutas , Traumatismos em Chicotada , Humanos , Austrália , New South Wales , Queensland , Grupos Focais , Traumatismos em Chicotada/terapia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde
7.
Ultrasound ; 30(2): 105-116, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35509303

RESUMO

Introduction: Sonographers in the Western New South Wales Local Health District (WNSWLHD) reported a musculoskeletal pain prevalence rate of 95%. Participatory ergonomics, where workers are consulted about improving work conditions, was utilised to identify work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risks and potential solutions. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of WMSD in a cohort of sonographers before and after implementation of ergonomic changes that were driven by recommendations from a participatory ergonomics approach. Methods: This observational mixed methods study analysed the impact of participatory ergonomic-driven interventions on changes on musculoskeletal pain in a cohort of sonographers employed within the WNSWLHD. A retrospective analysis of 10 sonographer WMSD pain surveys over five sites was completed, along with semi-structured interviews regarding which interventions were perceived as useful, which interventions were not implemented and any barriers to implementation. Results: Installation of patient monitors, use of ergonomic scanning techniques and job rotation were perceived as responsible for decreased musculoskeletal pain. Taking lunch breaks and microbreaks, use of antifatigue mats and having two sonographers perform mobile exams were not fully implemented. No interventions were perceived as responsible for increased pain. Conclusion: This small study provides preliminary evidence that a participatory ergonomics approach facilitated identification of occupation and site-specific risks for WMSD in the WNSWLHD, allowing implementation of ergonomic changes to be tailored to the workplace, resulting in a safer work environment for sonographers.

8.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon ; 28(1): 536-543, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32662327

RESUMO

Purpose. This study investigated the effect of different sit-stand workstations on lumbar spine kinematics, lumbar muscle activity and musculoskeletal pain. Methods. Thirty-two office workers were randomized to one of three sit-stand workstations (Group 1, ratio of minutes spent sitting to standing each hour at work 40:20, n = 8; Group 2, 30:30, n = 6; Group 3, 20:40, n = 7) and a control group (usual sitting, n = 11). Intervention groups (Groups 1, 2 and 3) were collapsed into one group for analysis (n = 21). Data on lumbar kinematics and muscle activity were only collected for 25 participants due to equipment availability. Results. Participants in the intervention group had lower overall lumbar spine flexion angles during the workday compared to the control group (mean difference 10.6°; 95% confidence interval [-18.1, -3.2]; p = 0.008; Cohen's d = 1.5). There were no between-group differences for the remaining kinematic measures (i.e., mean flexion angle in standing and sitting, mean side flexion angle in standing and sitting, and percentage of time in upright sitting), muscle activity or presence of musculoskeletal pain. Conclusions. Sit-stand workstations reduced overall lumbar spine flexion angles over the course of a workday but had no effect on other kinematic measures, lumbar spine muscle activity or musculoskeletal pain.Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12615001018505..


Assuntos
Dor Musculoesquelética , Austrália , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Músculos , Postura , Local de Trabalho
9.
J Cancer Educ ; 37(3): 755-762, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32940882

RESUMO

The study explored the role of healthcare organisations in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, in improving women's breast cancer awareness and screening participation in a multi-cultural society. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight representatives from five healthcare organisations involved in breast cancer campaigns in RAK including hospitals, clinics, and universities. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The organisations' campaigns focused on breast cancer awareness, providing free doctor consultations or clinical breast examinations, and where possible, offering free or subsidised screening or health checks. Breast campaigns and free screening were often limited to October, breast cancer awareness month, but breast screening clinics held more frequent awareness campaigns year-round to focus on increasing screening participation. Collaboration between institutions helped strengthen campaigns along with multiple advertising mediums to reach more women. The representatives believed that campaigns have resulted in greater breast cancer awareness and proactive attitudes among women. There were a variety of strategies used in breast cancer campaigns in RAK, and the involvement of nurses and collaboration between organisations can help strengthen breast cancer campaigns.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Emirados Árabes Unidos
10.
J Cancer Educ ; 37(4): 1209-1219, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33475957

RESUMO

Nurses play an important role in educating patients on breast cancer and have a positive influence in encouraging women to participate in breast screening. This current study aimed to use a train-the-trainer model to improve the level of knowledge of nurses on breast cancer and screening in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. The study also focused on the nurses' ability to train other nurses in assisting women to engage in breast screening. This interventional study used a mixed-method design. Seventeen female nurses (aged 28-60 years) were recruited from public and private health centers and participated in a breast cancer train-the-trainer workshop. They completed a survey before and after the workshop. The surveys included a series of open and closed questions to assess their knowledge of breast cancer symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and patient communication. The study found that nurse participants had good baseline knowledge of breast cancer topics, including breast self-examinations, clinical breast examinations, and mammography. Responses were deemed accurate if they answered open-ended questions without incorrect information and correct options were selected in the quantitative sections. However, training improved the detail and accuracy of the participant responses. Training also improved the confidence of nurse participants to teach other women and nurses how to perform breast self-examinations and provide breast cancer information. There were significant increases in nurse participants' knowledge of risk factors (p < 0.001, r = 0.6) and symptoms (p = 0.003, r = 0.5). The nurse participants perceived that health education was the best means of encouraging women to participate in breast screening.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Autoexame de Mama , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Mamografia , Programas de Rastreamento , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
PLoS One ; 16(8): e0256459, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34437607

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although chronic low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability and accounts for large costs, none of the available conventional treatments are clearly more favourable in treating people at increased risk of chronicity. OBJECTIVES: To examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a wearables-based walking intervention in addition to usual physiotherapy care in people with LBP at risk of chronicity. METHODS: Twenty-six adult participants, diagnosed with non-specific LBP with medium or high risk of chronicity, were recruited from physiotherapy private practices. Participants were randomized into usual physiotherapy care (control, n = 14) and usual physiotherapy care plus a wearables-based walking intervention (experimental, n = 12). The intervention duration was 8 weeks. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate, adherence to the intervention, dropout rate, and serious adverse events reporting rate. Other outcomes included disability and pain (primary); and physical activity level, daily walking steps, depression, pain catastrophizing and fear of movement (secondary). The outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 26 weeks post-randomization follow-up. RESULTS: Adherence of experimental participants with the prescribed walking program was moderate. Four participants dropped out during the intervention, and no serious adverse events were reported. Participants in the experimental group showed significant improvement in pain at 26 weeks (ß = -0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.66, -0.10; P = .013), compared with the control group. No between-group differences were found for disability at any time point and pain immediately post-intervention. Experimental participants demonstrated post-intervention improvement in light-intensity (ß = 156.71; 95% CI 86.79, 226.64; P < .001), moderate-intensity physical activity (ß = 0.46; 95% CI 0.12, 0.80; P = .012), and daily walking steps (ß = 7099.13; 95% CI 4522.93, 9675.32; P < .001). Experimental participants demonstrated post-intervention increase in pain catastrophizing (ß = 0.52, 95% CI 0.18, 0.86; P = .006). No between-group differences were found for pain catastrophizing at 26 weeks and other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Usual physiotherapy care plus a wearables-based walking intervention program was safe and moderately feasible, and provided significant reduction in pain at 26 weeks as well as increasing the total volume of light- and moderate-intensity physical activity, and daily walking steps immediately post-intervention.


Assuntos
Dor Crônica/terapia , Dor Lombar/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Cooperação do Paciente
12.
Chiropr Man Therap ; 29(1): 32, 2021 08 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34404446

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In chronic conditions, such as back pain, the use of interventions that address physical, social and psychological aspects within a biopsychosocial framework are encouraged, however, applying this holistic multimodal approach in physical therapy practice (i.e., chiropractic and physiotherapy) is challenging. To explore the problem of delivering a biopsychosocially informed package of care in physical therapy practice a recent randomised control trial (RCT) called 'Mind Your Back' was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined physical and internet-delivered psychological intervention (psychologically informed physical treatments) compared to standard treatment for improving disability and self-efficacy in people with chronic LBP. The results of the trial indicated no difference between the two intervention groups. Although high-quality RCTs are considered gold standard for effectiveness of interventions, qualitative research methods embedded within a process evaluation framework are also used to reveal other issues and important information that help to explain clinical trial results, and to further the field of digital health interventions research. Therefore, within a process evaluation framework, the aim is to explore participants experiences of the interventions received throughout the Mind Your Back trial which led to a null result. METHODS: In-line with recommendations for a process evaluation this study used in-depth interviews and qualitative thematic analysis with participants of both arms of the trial 5-6 months after study completion. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with twenty-five participants to explore their experiences of taking part in the Mind Your Back trial. Interviews were conducted in November 2017, transcribed verbatim and data analysed thematically. RESULTS: Two main themes were identified: (1) Personalised support and therapeutic alliance are important, and (2) MoodGYM lacked relevant, personalised and tailored support. CONCLUSION: It is important to deliver tailored digital health supports that is personalised and fosters a therapeutic alliance.


Assuntos
Dor Lombar , Humanos , Dor Lombar/terapia , Medição da Dor , Exame Físico , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Projetos de Pesquisa
13.
Braz J Phys Ther ; 25(4): 471-480, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34119443

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Statistical analysis plans describe the processes of data handling and analysis in clinical trials; by doing so they increase the transparency of the analysis and reporting of studies. This paper reports the planned statistical analysis plan for the Whiplash ImPaCT study. For individuals with whiplash injury, Whiplash ImPaCT aims to assess the effectiveness of a guidelines-based clinical pathway of care compared with usual care. METHODS: We report the planned procedures, methods, and reporting for the primary and secondary analyses of the Whiplash ImPaCT study. The primary outcomes are Global Recovery and Neck Disability Index at 3 months post-randomisation. Outcomes will be analysed according to the intention to treat principle using linear mixed models. A cost-utility analysis will be conducted to compute the incremental cost-effectiveness of the intervention to usual care. We describe data handling, our analytical approach, assumptions about missing data, and our planned methods of reporting. DISCUSSION: This paper will provide a detailed description of the planned analyses for the Whiplash ImPaCT trial.


Assuntos
Análise Custo-Benefício , Traumatismos em Chicotada , Procedimentos Clínicos , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Medição da Dor/métodos , Traumatismos em Chicotada/terapia
14.
Pain Med ; 22(12): 2974-2989, 2021 Dec 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33624814

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined relationships between low back pain (LBP)-related disability and pain beliefs, including pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, self-efficacy, and back pain beliefs, in non-English-speaking populations. Additionally, the effects of selected cultural factors (i.e., language/geographic area) on the strength of relationships were examined. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Nine databases were searched. Studies included observational or randomized control clinical trials. Eligible studies had to report estimates of the association between pain beliefs and disability. Pooled estimates of correlation coefficients were obtained through random-effects meta-analysis methods. RESULTS: Fifty-nine studies, (n = 15,383) were included. Moderate correlations were identified between disability and pain self-efficacy (chronic LBP r = -0.51, P ≤ 0.001), between disability and pain catastrophizing (acute LBP r = 0.47, P ≤ 0.001; chronic LBP r = 0.44, P ≤ 0.001), and also between disability and pain-related fear (chronic LBP r = 0.41, P ≤ 0.001). Otherwise, weak correlations were identified between disability and most pain beliefs (range r = -0.23 to 0.35, P ≤ 0.001). Pooled correlation coefficients between disability and all pain beliefs (except the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire-Work subscale) represent medium effects and suggest that lower disability was associated with greater pain self-efficacy, less pain-related fear, less catastrophic thinking, and less negative back pain beliefs about the nature and cause of back pain. Results were consistent across most language groups and geographic regions; few studies reported ethnicity or religion. DISCUSSION: LBP-related disability was associated with pain-related beliefs, with consistency demonstrated for each pain belief construct across divergent non-English-speaking populations. Further research examining cultural factors, such as ethnicity or religion, and with a more diverse population is warranted.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Dor Lombar , Dor nas Costas , Avaliação da Deficiência , Medo , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
BMJ Open ; 11(1): e044145, 2021 01 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33408216

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous burns can have a catastrophic effect on people's lives and may restrict opportunities for employment due to physical impairment and psychosocial deficits. Failure or delay in return to work can result in loss of income and support for the family unit. It can also negatively affect life role and identity and present difficulties with future opportunities. Current literature indicates multiple discrete influences on return to work as a result of burn injury but an understanding of how working-aged adults resume employment after burn injury is lacking. This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature by mapping and consolidating knowledge in this area of burn recovery and thus provide an informative basis for developing return-to-work programmes for survivors of burn injury. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review protocol will follow the Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) methodological framework. A comprehensive search strategy has been developed with subject expert librarians. These databases were used: OvidSP: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EBSCOhost: CINAHL and Scopus. Reference lists of selected full text will be hand searched for additional literature. To enhance consistency and rigour, all reviewers will undertake a calibration exercise before paired reviewers independently screen all records using Rayyan. Full-text articles meeting the study inclusion criteria will be retrieved and examined. Extracted data will be analysed using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is generally not required for scoping reviews. Findings of this scoping review will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.


Assuntos
Queimaduras/terapia , Retorno ao Trabalho , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Idoso , Queimaduras/reabilitação , Atenção à Saúde , Emprego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
16.
Ergonomics ; 64(1): 1-38, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32866082

RESUMO

The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the effects of ergonomics interventions on work-related upper limb musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction, and on productivity in sonographers, surgeons and dentists. A total of 31 studies were included. All studies reported effects on upper limb pain. Nine studies reported effects on dysfunction and only two studies reported effects on productivity. Moderately strong evidence in reducing upper limb pain was found for instigation of microbreaks into long duration surgical procedures, and the use of wider, lighter handles in dental instruments. Moderate evidence was also found for use of prismatic glasses and favourable positioning in reducing upper limb pain. Weak, inconsistent or no evidence was found for all other ergonomics interventions in reducing upper limb pain and dysfunction and increasing productivity. The lack of high quality research, particularly in sonographers and in the outcome of productivity, should be addressed. Practitioner summary: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of ergonomics interventions on upper limb pain, dysfunction and productivity in sonographers, dentists and surgeons. Instigation of microbreaks during long duration procedures and the use of wider, lighter instrument handles were most effective in reducing upper limb work-related pain. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; CLS: conventional laparoscopic surgery; DMAIC: define, measure, analyze, improve and control; GRADE: grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations; HD: high definition; PRISMA: preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; PROSPERO: The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; RCT: randomised control trial; SILS: single incision laparoscopic surgery; VITOM: video telescopic operative microscope; WNSWLHD: Western New South Wales Local Health District; WMSD: work related musculoskeletal disorder.


Assuntos
Ergonomia/métodos , Dor Musculoesquelética/prevenção & controle , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Saúde Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Odontólogos , Humanos , Dor Musculoesquelética/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Cirurgiões , Ultrassonografia , Extremidade Superior/fisiopatologia , Trabalho/fisiologia
17.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(4)2020 Nov 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33218122

RESUMO

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), women's participation in breast cancer screening is low, and women are commonly diagnosed in advanced stages. This study investigated women's attitudes towards breast cancer screening, their use of health services in the UAE emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, and their preferred medium for breast cancer information. In this qualitative study, six focus groups were conducted with Emirati (n = 28) and non-Emirati (n = 26) women as Ras Al Khaimah is a highly multi-cultural region. Women were separated into different age groups (25-34, 30-44, 44+) so as to obtain perspectives of young (n = 16), middle (n = 19), and older women (n = 19). The focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Women recognised that any breast change should be checked by a doctor, and that women with symptoms or those at higher risk may need to have breast screening earlier than the recommended starting age. However, participants wanted more information from doctors or other health personnel. Women had observed breast cancer information and campaigns advertisements in multiple media but recommended greater use of social media and WhatsApp to disseminate information. Overall, women had positive attitudes towards breast cancer screening but wanted more breast cancer awareness campaigns year-round and better access to screening.

18.
Chiropr Man Therap ; 28(1): 41, 2020 08 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32782008

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Predicting ongoing disability for chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) is important to avoid prolonged disability. OBJECTIVE: Determine predictors of disability at 6 month follow-up in patients with LBP at medium risk of ongoing disability. METHODS: Baseline data was collected from 108 patients with medium-risk chronic non-specific LBP (mean age 50.4 years, SD 13.6) from six private chiropractic and physiotherapy clinics in Australia who took part in a randomised control trial. All patients received a pragmatic course of multimodal physical treatments [e.g., manual therapy (spinal manipulation or mobilization and/or soft tissue massage)] combined with advice, education and exercise. Baseline prognostic variables included sociodemographic, physical and psychological characteristics. Primary outcome was disability (Roland Morris Disability) at 6 month follow-up. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Variables remaining in the final multivariable model: lower work ability (ß = - 1.05, 95% CI - 1.40 to - 0.70; p < 0.0001) and consultation with a medical specialist for back pain in the preceding 3 months (ß = 3.35, 95% CI 1.14 to 5.55; p < 0.003), which significantly predicted higher disability at 6 months (unadjusted R 2 = 0.31). Those with a lower work ability (scale 1 to 10) and who had seen a medical specialist for their back pain were more likely to report greater LBP-related disability at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic LBP presenting to primary care with lower work ability and recent consultation with a medical specialist for LBP are more likely to have a worse prognosis; these are indicators to clinicians that standard conservative care may not adequately manage the patients' needs.


Assuntos
Avaliação da Deficiência , Dor Lombar/terapia , Manipulação Quiroprática , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico
19.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 5987, 2020 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32238867

RESUMO

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

20.
Clin Breast Cancer ; 20(3): 194-200, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32147405

RESUMO

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women worldwide. Early detection is central to improving disease outcomes. Three main screening methods - mammography, breast self-examination (BSE), and clinical breast examination (CBE) - have been developed and tested in Western nations. There is ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of BSE and CBE in terms of mortality reduction, and a number of international organizations no longer recommend them as screening methods. In technically less developed countries, however, where women are usually diagnosed with breast cancer at advanced stages and younger ages, the benefits of BSE and CBE might outweigh the harm and facilitate early detection of breast cancer. This paper reviews the history of BSE and CBE and discusses their value as early detection methods. It can contribute to informed decision-making by health policy-makers and clinicians who are involved in breast cancer screening in the developing world to improve women's well-being.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Autoexame de Mama , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Palpação , Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Educação em Saúde/métodos , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/organização & administração , Estadiamento de Neoplasias
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